A thread on the Marcos dictatorship

#MarcosNoHero

[SEPARATE THREAD ON FERDINAND MARCOS]

Hello. In a separate thread, I've scoured for the opinions of HUMSS students regarding the issue of whether the late strongman Ferdinand Edralin Marcos is a hero or not. Half of the comments said that he was, but when asked for sources, they provided YouTube videos and Facebook threads with NO CLEAR original sources. However, the other half said that Marcos is not, emphasizing the killings, plunder, and other crimes of the Marcos regime against the country.

Now, the question is: which side have I taken?

True enough, infrastructure projects such as the South Luzon and North Luzon Expressway, San Juanico Bridge, Bataan Nuclear Power Plant, Cultural Center of the Philippines, PICC, Folk Arts Theater, Metropolitan Theater, Heart/Lung/Kidney Center, and LRT-1 were built during Marcos' 20-year rule. Nutribun was a fad during martial law. Marcos allegedly instituted 13 month pay benefits for workers. And so forth.

(Sad part: when asked for sources, his apologists give nothing.)

But here is the real score about Marcos: he was a fascist dictator who imposed Martial Law to consolidate his hold on power, a human rights violator and murderer, the world's most famous thief and plunderer, lapdog of American imperialism, and a liar who lied about his war records and health.

Here is a thread of Marcos' top crimes against the Filipino fpeople:

1) Human rights violator. According to Amnesty International's report, 3,240 Filipinos were murdered, 34,000 were tortured, and 70,000 were arrested. Per the statistics of Families of Involuntary Disappearances (FIND), there were around 1,000 desaparecidos during his martial law regime -- activists, writers, and other critics of his rule who were abducted and never seen again by their families. Amnesty International's own report from its November - December 1975 mission showed that 71 out of the 107 interviewed prisoners underwent severe torture.

Forms of torture during the Marcos martial law included the following:

- Electric shock ("Meralco")
- Water cure ("Nawasa")
- "San Juanico Bridge" (a prisoner, with his/her hands and feet tied, would be left hanging between two beds; if the body falls, the person would be beaten)
- Beatings
- Pistol-whipping
- Ice blocks and air-conditioned rooms for naked, water-soaked prisoners
- Burning of skin through flat iron and cigarette butts
- Injection of "truth serum"
- Pepper torture
- Strangulation
- Animal treatment
- Rape and sexual assault
- Solitary confinement
- Russian roulette

[The list does not include mental and psychological torture forms employed by Marcos' military.]

In 1991, 9,539 victims of the Marcos dictatorship WON a class suit against the Marcos family in a federal court in Hawaii, effectively recognizing their status as victims of the regime. Furthermore, on February 25, 2013, the Republic Act 10368 was enacted into law to force the State to recognize the thousands of martial law victims; the Human Rights Claims Board were able to secure 75,000 claims of abuse.

2) Thief and plunderer. According to the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG), the Marcos family was able to amass $10 billion in plundered wealth. This was certified by a Supreme Court ruling on 2003, which said that the Marcoses' wealth beyond $1 million are ILL-GOTTEN or stolen. Out of the aforementioned figures, $4 billion (ROUGHLY p171 BILLION) were recovered by the Philippine state within over 30 years of search.

On November 2018, the anti-graft court Sandiganbayan CONVICTED Imelda Marcos over 7 counts of graft involving dummy corporations and $200 million in Swiss bank accounts. A similar conviction was meted out on her over the anomalous contract for the construction of LRT-1 in 1993.

3) Economic crisis and mismanagement. The Philippine economy suffered greatly under the Marcos dictatorship. While the economy had a great start during the first years of Marcos, by 1969, he spent $50 billion dollars (a clear form of overspending) to win a re-election. Because of this, the World Bank forced Marcos to devaluate peso from $1 = P3.92 to $1 = P6.02. The peso-dollar exchange rate worsened to $1 = P18 by 1984, and rose to $1 = P20 by 1986. Poverty rate was at 60%, and 49% of the population lived below the poverty line. Unemployment was at 27%; underemployment was at 33%. After Ninoy Aquino's murder, capital flight ensued and the country experienced an economic recession from 1984 to 1986. Inflation rose to 50% during the last years of Marcos. The country's GDP growth also suffered a 7.3% contraction during his last years. By 1982, four years before EDSA, the country's per capita growth turned NEGATIVE. Finally, the country's foreign debt rose to a staggering $28 billion by 1986, which IBON Foundation said would be repaid by Filipinos until 2025. Because of the different economic crises during Marcos' rule, he was forced to include contractual labor in the 1974 Labor Code and institutionalized the Overseas Filipino Workers phenomenon. Due to the debilitating socioeconomic crises, too, provinces like Negros saw worst cases of hunger and malnutrition as a result of the impoverishment caused by Marcos' economic mismanagement and plunder.

By 1985 to 1986, we were called the "Sick Man of Asia."

4) Crony capitalism. Marcos said that, by declaring Martial Law, he would dismantle the old oligarchy. What he put in place, however, was another system called "crony capitalism." The new set of oligarchs pampered by Marcos included relatives, close friends, and associates, such as:

- Antonio Floirendo, who controlled the banana industry;
- Roberto Benedicto, who controlled sugar and media companies (including ABS-CBN);
- Lucio Tan, who coveted concessions for his beer and cigarette companies;
- Benny and Glecy Tantoco, the owners of Rustan's;
- Geromino Velasco, who controlled energy and oil industries;
- Herminio Disini, who controlled the construction of BNPP;
- Rodolfo Cuenca, who monopolized the construction of highways;
- Juan Ponce Enrile, who controlled logging companies;
- Eduardo "Danding" Cojuangco, who controlled the farmers' coco levy funds (P93 billion in stolen money from coconut farmers) and San Miguel Corporation, among others.

[The official list of cronies included the relatives of Marcos and Imelda.]

Together, the Marcos-Romualdez families and their cronies plundered the country's wealth and economy. A report even said that Disini got very huge kickbacks in BNPP's construction that he was able to build a castle when he fled to Austria after EDSA.

5) Fascist dictator. On September 21, 1972, Marcos declared martial law through Proclamation 1081. His first Letter of Instruction included the seizure of ALL news organizations and media companies -- ABS-CBN, Manila Times, Manila Chronicle, and so on. All in all, the Marcos regime closed down:

- 292 radio stations
- 66 community newspapers
- 11 English weekly magazines
- 7 major English dailies
- 7 television stations
- 4 Chinese dailies
- 3 Filipino dailies
- 1 English-Filipino daily
- 1 Spanish daily

Aside from this, other General Orders from Marcos included the transfer of all government power to his office, the closure of Congress occurred, the implementation of a nationwide curfew, ban on strikes, rallies, demonstrations, and other forms of public assemblies, and overseas travel were suspended. In one fell swoop, 50,000 were immediately arrested upon Martial Law's implementation.

By 1986, Marcos' own Defense Minister, Juan Ponce Enrile, would admit that the ambush on him in San Juan City -- which Marcos used as a pretext to declare Martial Law, was staged to give him a justification.

Martial Law did not come out of the blue. As early as 1971, 11 military generals and Eduardo "Danding" Cojuangco were helping Marcos to craft the declaration of Martial Law. They were dubbed to be the "Rolex 12."

In short, democracy and civil liberties died in a stroke of a pen. The Marcos regime became a repressive government. Anyone's opinions, thoughts, writings, production, and other activities were constantly monitored; anyone alleged to be involved in subversive activities or movements were instantly arrested. Illegal orders such as Preventive Detention Action, Presidential Commitment Orders, and Arrest, Seizure, and Search Orders were instituted and employed against activists and critics of the Marcoses. By 1981, Marcos published secretly a National Security Code, which was never disseminated in public, that included alleged crimes a citizen can commit. During Martial Law, too, Marcos expanded the anti-democratic Anti-Subversion Law through Presidential Decree 1835 to suppress dissent.

6) Tuta of American imperialism. Marcos was a loyal lapdog of the Americans. Martial Law had the support of the Nixon administration. The Central Intelligence Agency’s methods of torture were employed by the AFP and the Philippine Constabulary. Foreign aid ballooned during the Marcos regime, amounting to $70 million in military assistance by 1985. Marcos staunchly backed and protected US military bases, the foremost symbol of American imperialism in the country. The snap elections of 1986 was a brainchild of American imperialists worried over the unprecedented growth of the Communist Party of the Philippines, ironically, in the height of Marcos' rule. And on February 25, 1986, it was American helicopters who airlifted Marcos from Malacanang to Clark Air Base.

The US-Marcos dictatorship was the darkest period in the country's pre-Duterte history. The Marcoses were criminally liable for all their sins and crimes against the people.

#NeverForget the crimes of Ferdinand Marcos' dictatorship.

And Ferdinand Marcos will never be a hero.

#NeverAgain to the Marcos family.

[INTERNET SOURCES]:

[1] https://rappler.com/nation/torture-martial-law-marcos-regime
[2] https://rappler.com/voices/imho/marcos-economy-golden-age-philippines
[3] https://rappler.com/voices/thought-leaders/analysis-just-how-bad-was-corruption-marcos-years
[4] https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1984/08/16/crony-capitalism-blamed-for-economic-crisis/d99e8760-087d-4d25-ad66-3d324150dc4d/
[5] https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/09/21/17/the-best-of-times-data-debunk-marcoss-economic-golden-years
[6] https://rappler.com/voices/thought-leaders/inflation-rate-philippines-during-marcos-regime
[7] https://businessmirror.com.ph/2016/09/16/44-years-too-long-the-martial-law-victims-desaparecidos-and-the-families-left-behind/
[8] https://rappler.com/nation/human-rights-victims-claims-board-final-list-eligible-claimants-released
[9] https://news.abs-cbn.com/focus/09/21/18/by-the-numbers-human-rights-violations-during-marcos-rule
[10] http://www.cadtm.org/Philippines-The-Marcos-debt
[11] https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/07/10bn-dollar-question-marcos-millions-nick-davies
[12] https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/featured/the-fall-of-the-dictatorship/
[13] https://newslab.philstar.com/31-years-of-amnesia
[14] https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.csmonitor.com/layout/set/amphtml/1986/0124/aphili.html
[15] https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-03-22-mn-21969-story.html?_amp=true&__twitter_impression=true
[16] https://amp.rappler.com/newsbreak/fact-check/240528-wealth-marcos-family-accumulated-filipino-taxes?__twitter_impression=true
[17] https://www.bulatlat.com/2016/11/18/5-testimonies-read-martial-law/
[18] https://martiallawmuseum.ph/magaral/edifice-complex-building-on-the-backs-of-the-filipino-people/
[19] https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/774774/well-pay-marcos-debt-until-2025
[20] https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/content/692329/debts-incurred-by-marcos-regime-taught-phl-lessons-on-loans-phl-envoy/story/%3famp
[21] https://opinion.inquirer.net/99481/the-marcos-debt
[22] https://rappler.com/voices/imho/martial-law-stories-hear
[23] https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/845469/10-reasons-why-marcos-should-not-be-honored-as-hero-joma-sison
[24] https://martiallawmuseum.ph/magaral/martial-law-in-data/
[25] https://amp.rappler.com/newsbreak/fact-check/240047-forex-philippine-peso-dollar-rate-marcos-years
[26] https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/11/08/why-late-philippine-dictator-was-no-hero
[27] https://www.raissarobles.com/2012/02/25/senator-bongbong-marcos-confirmed-he-had-a-direct-hand-in-trying-to-withdraw-us213m-from-a-swiss-bank-in-1986/
[28] https://opinion.inquirer.net/93176/ang-mamatay-nang-dahil-sa-yo
[29] https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/910/1460/1943938/ — HAWAII FEDERAL RULING ON 9,539 VICTIMS OF MARCOS MARTIAL LAW HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES
[30] https://opinion.inquirer.net/121720/she-lies-again
[31] https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/30/19/us-court-oks-new-distribution-of-10-million-to-marcos-martial-law-victims
[32] https://www.economist.com/asia/2018/11/17/imelda-marcos-is-found-guilty-of-corruption-but-not-imprisoned
[33] https://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2003/jul2003/gr_152154_2003.html — SUPREME COURT RULING (2003)
[34] https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2013/ra_10368_2013.html — REPUBLIC ACT 10368
[35] https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=384004895488078&id=194388211065
[36] [https://www.bworldonline.com/marcos-family-ordered-to-return-24m-in-embezzled-paintings/](https://www.bworldonline.com/marcos-family-ordered-to-return-24m-in-embezzled-paintings/)
[37] [https://rappler.com/newsbreak/fact-check/false-no-proof-ferdinand-imelda-marcos-stole-billions-filipinos]
[38] https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/657707/pcgg-more-than-p171-billion-in-marcos-family-rsquo-s-ill-gotten-wealth-recovered/story/
[39] https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-21022457
[40] https://star.worldbank.org/corruption-cases/assetrecovery/ferdinand%20marcos
[41] https://www.unafei.or.jp/publications/pdf/GG3/Third_GGSeminar_P72-79.pdf
[42] https://twitter.com/factcheckPH_AE/status/1265905211232542721
[43] https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/577304/philippines-recovers-29m-from-marcos-accounts
[44] https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-missing-marcos-billio_b_5972708?test_ad=spot_test_mw_life
[45] https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/specialreports/626577/21-takeaways-from-the-sc-s-rulings-on-the-marcoses-stolen-wealth/story/
[46] https://verafiles.org/articles/vera-files-fact-sheet-1993-secret-deal-what-marcoses-wanted
[47] https://rappler.com/newsbreak/in-depth/recovering-marcos-ill-gotten-wealth-30-years
[48] https://news.abs-cbn.com/focus/09/21/17/marcos-gold-bars-fact-or-fiction
[49] https://news.abs-cbn.com/focus/01/18/19/marcos-human-rights-victims-to-get-1500-each-more-but-where-are-they-now
[50] https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/specialreports/379847/infographic-the-hunt-for-the-marcos-ill-gotten-wealth/story/
[51] https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/article/1227453/embarrassment-riches
[52] https://www.esquire.com/uk/culture/film/a30280747/imelda-marcos-the-kingmaker-documentary-philippines-stolen-wealth/
[53] https://www.raissarobles.com/2018/11/19/how-imelda-and-ferdinand-marcos-stole-our-future-and-hid-it-in-numbered-swiss-bank-accounts/
[54] https://www.history.com/news/wwii-yamashita-treasure-roxas-marcos-gold-buddha
[55] https://sb.judiciary.gov.ph/DECISIONS/2019/L_Civil_0141_Republic%20of%20the%20Philippines%20vs%20%20Marcos,%20et%20al_12_19_2019.pdf -- SUPREME COURT DECISION (2019)
[56] https://opinion.inquirer.net/78931/the-marcoses-never-really-left-home
[57] https://caesarparlade.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/the-plunder-of-the-economy-under-martial-law.pdf
[58] https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-02/imelda-marcos-shoe-museum:-the-excess-of-a-regime/7877098
[59] https://cpcabrisbane.org/Kasama/1999/V13n2/Imelda1.htm
[60] http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/54a/062.html
[61] https://martiallawmuseum.ph/magaral/keeping-up-with-the-marcoses-money-fame-and-fortune/
[62] https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/specialreports/626576/the-supreme-court-s-rulings-on-the-marcoses-ill-gotten-wealth/story/
[63] https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/01/16/shoes-jewels-and-monets-the-immense-ill-gotten-wealth-of-imelda-marcos/
[64] https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/65607-greatest-robbery-of-a-government -- GUINNESS BOOK OF WORLD RECORDS ON MARCOS' STOLEN WEALTH
[65] https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/11/14/PCGG-ill-gotten-wealth-recovery.html
[66] https://opinion.inquirer.net/120004/marcos-codes-for-his-swiss-accounts
[67] https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/14/world/swiss-bank-found-with-800-million-in-marcos-s-name.html
[68] https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/348107/govt-recovers-p1-3-b-marcos-swiss-accounts/story/
[69] https://rappler.com/nation/bongbong-marcos-swiss-deposits
[70] https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/society/article/2173729/how-law-caught-philippines-imelda-marcos-and-her-stolen-millions
[71] (Excerpt: “If Ferdinand Marcos was present in this trial, the jury would have convicted him,” said juror Theodore Kutzy. And juror Sandra Albert, a paralegal, said that the government “had nothing on her and everything on her husband. He should have been the one on trial.”) https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-07-03-mn-606-story.html
[72] https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230622456_7
[73] https://star.worldbank.org/corruption-cases/node/18497
[74] https://www.nytimes.com/1993/09/24/world/marcos-convicted-of-graft-in-manila.html
[75] https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/11/09/18/imelda-marcos-found-guilty-of-graft
[76] https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1061593/what-went-before-coconut-levy-imposed-by-marcos
[77] https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/content/70531/danding-cojuangco-and-the-coco-levy-funds/story/
[78] https://rappler.com/newsbreak/in-depth/politics-coco-levy-marcos-noynoy-aquino
[79] https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/284836/true-or-false-was-1972-enrile-ambush-faked
[80] https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/11/08/16/marcos-a-us-backed-dictator-with-charisma
[81] https://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/19/magazine/reagan-and-the-philippines-setting-marcos-adrift.html
[82] https://www.csmonitor.com/1982/0920/092044.html
[83] https://adst.org/2016/01/managing-the-end-of-the-marcos-regime/
[84] https://cpp.ph/1972/10/01/overthrow-the-us-marcos-dictatorship-to-achieve-national-freedom-and-democracy/
[85] https://www.nytimes.com/1985/02/17/opinion/attach-ropes-to-us-aid-to-marcos.html
[86] https://apnews.com/af7a8fc52d0a637e58d0b824bf840a85
[87] https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/1978/08/27/the-need-to-end-our-risky-military-ties-to-manila/cf36a39a-5a62-4c2a-9f5a-2d5ba3b8b03c/
[88] https://escholarship.org/uc/item/03w8j7r7
[89] https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1985/12/16/marcos-says-us-in-default-on-military-aid-payments/6a269705-9fd7-4088-a4a9-203849787437/
[90] https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-02-24-mn-11409-story.html
[91] https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/how-us-aid-fosters-human-rights-violations-philippines/
[92] https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/edsa/the-ph-protest/
[93] https://rappler.com/voices/thought-leaders/analysis-how-marcos-world-bank-partnership-brought-philippine-economy-to-knees
[94] https://www.washingtonpost.com/
[95] https://rappler.com/voices/thought-leaders/marcos-philippine-economy
[96] https://rappler.com/voices/thought-leaders/ferdinand-marcos-plunder-philippine-economy-no-economic-sense
[97] https://www.martiallawchroniclesproject.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/An-Analysis-of-the-Philippine-Economic-Crisis.pdf -- AN ANALYSIS OF THE PHILIPPINE ECONOMIC CRISIS (UP SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS, 1984)
[98] file:///C:/Users/Asus/Downloads/TORTYUR_Human_Rights_Violations_During_T.pdf -- TORTYUR: Human Rights Violations During The Marcos Regime
[99] https://library.law.hawaii.edu/2017/09/07/the-haunting-of-martial-law-records-from-the-marcos-regime/
[100] https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1113201/marcos-victims-get-p77500-each-amid-objection-from-govt
[101] https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/04/11/1909118/us-court-orders-payment-marcos-rights-victims
[102] https://www.bulatlat.com/2016/11/18/5-testimonies-read-martial-law/
[103] https://www.ibon.org/under-marcos-employment-fell-prices-soared-poverty-persisted/
[104] https://www.ibon.org/marcos-debt-equivalent-to-4x-1986-ph-budget/
[105] https://www.ibon.org/repost-from-anyare-economic-decline-since-marcos/
[106] https://www.ibon.org/5858/
[107] https://www.ibon.org/word-class-bureaucrat-capitalism-under-marcos-added-to-ph-econ-woes/
[108] https://www.bulatlat.com/2016/11/09/marcosburial-martial-law-victim-recounts-torture/
[109] https://www.bulatlat.com/2012/09/28/above-ground-alternative-press-open-defiance-to-the-marcos-dictatorship/
[110] https://www.bulatlat.com/2011/09/21/repressive-decrees-issuances-legacies-of-marcos-dictatorship-remain-in-force/
[111] https://www.bulatlat.com/2018/09/10/the-trouble-with-dictatorships/
[112] https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/845804/marcos-victims-should-never-be-forgotten
[113] https://manilatoday.net/resonance-the-southern-tagalog-10/
[114] https://rappler.com/newsbreak/fact-check/false-only-one-executed-none-arrested-criticizing-marcos-martial-law
[115] https://rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/threats-attacks-philippines-media-timeline
[116] https://rappler.com/voices/imho/marcos-dictatorship-machismo-human-rights-elections
[117] https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa35/019/1977/en/ -- REPORT OF AN AI MISSION TO THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES (1975)
[118] https://rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/marcos-dictatorship-martial-law-youth-leaders-killed
[119] https://rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/look-back-philippine-constabulary-marcos
[120] https://rappler.com/voices/imho/martial-law-stories-hear
[121] https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/08/31/16/victims-recall-horrors-of-marcos-martial-law
[122] https://www.raissarobles.com/2016/08/31/what-accused-torturer-colonel-eduardo-matillano-told-me-about-torture-during-martial-law/
[123] https://news.abs-cbn.com/opinions/11/16/16/opinion-imee-marcos-told-us-court-yes-archimedes-trajano-was-tortured-and-killed-but-its-none-of-your-business
[124] https://opinion.inquirer.net/97552/martial-law-massacres
[125] https://web.archive.org/web/20160303043903/http://pcij.org/blog/2015/02/13/mindanao-a-memory-of-massacres

[BOOK SOURCES]:

(1) The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos-I, Primitivo Mijares
(2) Waltzing with a Dictator: The Marcoses and the Making of American Policy, Raymond Bonner
(3) The Marcos Dynasty, Sterling Seagrave
(4) Marcos Martial Law: Never Again, Raissa Robles
(5) Delusions of a Dictator, William C. Rempel
(6) "Ang Mamatay Nang Dahil Sa 'Yo: Heroes and Martyrs of the Filipino People in the Struggle Against Dictatorship, 1972-1986-Volume I and II," Bantayog ng mga Bayani
(7) Inside the Palace, Beth Day Romulo
(8) Reportage on the Marcoses, Nick Joaquin
(9) Impossible Dream: the Marcoses, the Aquinos, and the Unfinished Revolution, Sandra Burton
(10) Philippine Society and Revolution, Amado Guerrero
(11) In Our Image: America's Empire In The Philippines, Stanley Karnow
(12) Filipino Politics: Development and Decay - David Wurfel
(13) Some Are Smarter than Others: The History of Marcos' Crony Capitalism, Ricardo S. Manapat
(14) Dead Aim: How Marcos Ambushed Philippine Democracy, Conrado De Quiros
(15) The Buddha, The Gold, & The Myth, Charles McDougald
(16) The Anti-Marcos Struggle, Mark Thompson
(17) Remembering / Rethinking EDSA, Caroline S. Hau and JPaul Manzanilla
(18) Presidential Plunder: The Quest for the Marcos Ill-Gotten Wealth, Jovito Salonga
(19) The Rise and Fall of Ferdinand Marcos, William Overholt
(20) The Untold Story of Imelda Marcos, Carmen Pedrosa
(21) America's Boy: A Century of United States Colonialism in the Philippines, James Hamilton Patterson
(22) The Philippines: The Political Economy of Growth and Impoverishment in the Marcos Era, James K. Boyce
(23) Dictatorship and Revolution: Roots of People's Power, Aurora De Dios, Petronilo Daroy, Lorna Kalaw-Tirol
(24) Marcos Against the Church, Robert L. Youngblood
(25) Marcos' Lovey Dovie, Hermie Rotea
(26) The Quarter of the Tiger Moon, Nick Joaquin
(27) The Philippine Press Under Siege Vol 1-2, National Press Club/Committee to Protect Writers
(28) Walang Himala: Himagsikan sa EDSA, Katrina Stuart-Santiago
(29) Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: The Political Economy of Authoritarianism, Albert Celoza
(30) Development Debacle: The World Bank in the Philippines, Walden Bello
(31) The Politics of Plunder: The Philippines Under Marcos, Belinda Aquino
(32) Taming People's Power: The EDSA Revolution and its Contradictions, Lisandro "Leloy" Claudio
(33) State and Society in the Philippines, Patricio "Jojo" Abinales/Donna Amoroso
(34) Martial Law Diary, Danilo Vizmanos
(35) Subversive Lives: A Family Memoir of the Marcos years, Susan Quimpo and Nathan Gilbert Quimpo
(36) Tibak Rising: Activism in the Days of Martial Law
(37) UG, An Underground Tale: The Journey of Edgar Jopson and the First Quarter Storm Generation, Benjamin Pimentel
(38) Mondo Marcos: Mga Panulat sa Batas Militar at ng Marcos Babies, Frank Cimatu and Rolando B. Tolentino (editors)
(39) Policing America's Empire, Alfred McCoy
(40) An Anarchy of Families, Alfred McCoy
(41) Closer then Brothers, Alfred McCoy
(42) A Question of Torture, Alfred McCoy
(43) Days of Disquiet, Nights of Rage: The First Quarter Storm & Related Events, Jose F. Lacaba
(44) Welgang Bayan: Empowering Labor Unions Against Poverty and Repression, Rosario Torres-Yu
(45) Protest/Revolutionary Art in the Philippines, 1970-1990, Alice Guillermo
(46) Musika at Bagong Lipunan: Pagbuo ng Lipunang Filipino, 1972-1986, Raul Navarro
(47) Of Tyrants And Martyrs: A Political Memoir, Manuel Lahoz
(48) Things Fall Away: Philippine Historical Experience and the Makings of Globalization, Neferti M. Tadiar
(49) Not On Our Watch: Martial Law Really Happened. We Were There, Jo-Ann Maglipon
(50) Contestable Nation-Space: Cinema, Cultural Politics, and Transnationalism in the Marcos-Brocka Philippines, Rolando Tolentino
(51) Salvaged Poems, Emmanuel Lacaba
(52) Salvaged Prose, Emmanuel Lacaba
(53) Militant But Groovy: Stories of Samahang Demokratiko ng Kabataan, Soliman Santos and Paz Verdadez Santos
(54) Press Freedom Under Siege: Reportage that Challenged the Marcos Dictatorship, Ma. Ceres Doyo
(55) Dekada '70, Lualhati Bautista
(56) Dissecting the Dictator, Joel Pablo Salud
(57) Struggle for National Democracy, Jose Ma. Sison
(58) Ferdinand E. Marcos: Malacañang to Makiki, Arturo Aruiza
(59) Diary of a Dictator, William C. Rempel
(60) Women Against Marcos, Mila De Guzman
(61) To Suffer Thy Comrades, Robert Francis Garcia